Electroresponsive device



May 7, 1935. A. R. VAN c. WARRINGTON 2,000,803

ELECTRORESPONSIVE DEVICE 3 Sheets-Sheet l Figs.

Filed June l1, 1952 Fi g. 6.

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Invent oh: Albehb Ryan (l-Wawbirgboh,

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May 7, 1935. A. R. VAN c. WARRINGTON 2,000,803

ELECTRORESPONSIVE DEVICE Filed June 11,'1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 l l I His Att ohh ej.

May 7, 1935. A. R. VAN c. WARRINGTON y 2,000,803`

ELECTRORESPONSIVE DEVICE Filed June l1, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Invnbow: v lbevo Rwan @.Wawwimbon,

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`Pltented -May 1935 12,000,803'

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Albert 12:21:11, as`

signor to General Electric Company, a 60111011!- tion oi' New York i f Application June 11, 1832, Serial No. 616,612

' 12 claims. (ci. 17e-294) My invention relates to improvements in electhe symmetry of the construction. This winding troresponsive devices and more -particularly to may comprise one or more turns and may take improvements in relays for controlling electric the form of a single or al double loop wherein both circuits in response to predetermined circuit conloops may or may not be coplanar.

ditions and especially fault conditions and an Referring nowin particular to Figs. 1 and 17, 5 object of my invention is to provide an improved the magnetic structure may take the form of a electroresponsive device for obtaining large operpreferably laminated rectangular-shaped closed ating forces and high speed vof operation with a loop v i, two opposite sides of which are interconlow energy consumption. Another object of my nected by a preferably laminated magnetic meminvention is to provide an electroresponsive device ber 2 locally enlarged as at 3. Toward this en- 10 whose construction is readily adaptable for relargement which may be cylindrical in form, as sponse to a great variety of electric circuit conshown in ysome of the ilguresx there extend from ditions and is particularly adapted to distance the other sides of the loop, polar projections 4 and relays. 'A further object of myinvention is to I whose pole face4 conguration for certain ap- 15 provide an electroresponsive device which is se' plications preferably corresponds to the shape of 15 lective in its operation and does' Inot operate on the enlargement so as to provide uniform annular power surges. Other objectsof my invention willV air gaps. The 'closed-circuit winding or inductor Vappear hereinafter. n ring 8 Yextends around the enlargement and is so My invention will be better understood from the mounted as to move freely in the air gaps. following description when vconsideredin connec- The embodiment of my invention shown in 20 I tion with the accomllnyins drawings and vits Fig. 1 isparticularly well adapted for distance rescope will be pointed out in the appended claims. lays since yif one of its windings 1, 8 isenergized In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 illusby the line voltage and the other by the line curtrates schematically one embodiment of my inrent, the torque T acting onl the ringli is proporventiel?,i1 Figs. 2 to linclusive illustrate schematitional in .scalar form cally o er embodiments of my invention, Fig. 16 2 ditxcally mustrates an embodiments: KEIS(+K3I2+KE my invention in a distance relay, Fig. 17 illuswhere Ki, Ka and K4 are constants dependent trates in perspective one form of the embodiment upon the construction, E and I line voltage and 3o of my invention shown in Fig. 1, Fig; 18 illustrates current respectively, the phase angle between 30 in perspective a contact arrangement' for use in them and aan angle dependent on the power relays embodying my invention, and Figs. 19 and factor of the' potential coil circuit. 6 is the angle 20illustrate diagrammatically distance relays embetween E and I at which maximum torque is bodying my invention. y obtained. 'Ihe constants K1, K3 and K4 can be In accordance with my invention, I provide an controlled both vas to magnitude and sign in ac- 35 induction dynamometer construction wherein by cordance vwith the relative connections of the transformer action with one or more suitably windings 1, 8 the position of the ring 6 and the venergized windings the current which is induced symmetry of construction. Thus for example, if in `a movable closed-circuit winding coacts with the windings 1 and 8 are connected to be energized 40 the magnetic flux of one or more other suitably in accordance with line voltage and current re- 40 energized windings to produce an operating force spectively when the ring is in the neutral posifor controlling the movement of the closed-cirtion shown in Fig. 1, then the torque T is a cuit-winding according to a desired relation bepurelyv directional torque, Ka and K4 having tween the electric quantities energizing the windbeen made substantially zero. By neutral posiings. The operating force may be in the form tion, I mean the position of the ring where it 45 of a torque, T,- which is in general represented by does not link the fluxes in the air gaps. If'Kt is the vectorial expression emade zero, then Ka' can be varied from zero toa maximum value according to the position of the '"=K-(XW)Y+K(X WZ-L ring s. py symmetry of construction, thesis by K(Y Z)+K4(X W) having the corresponding halves of winding 1 50 in which W, X; Y and Z represent electric quantisimilar in construction and position on the loop, ties such as the currents and/orvoltages applied to the air gaps substantially identical and the mag-` the energizing windings; ill, 1, 8 and 8 as shown in netic joints c lose fitting, the constant K4 asso- Fig. 6, and K1, Kz, K1 and K4 constants dependent ciated with the'winding on the core member 2 on 'the position of the closed-circuit winding and can be made zero and the value of the other con- 65 stant K3 Varied by the displacement of the ring from the neutral position, as shown in 3. Also the winding 1 which in Fig. 1 is located on the loop l to provide a flux relation as indicated by the arrows is in Fig. 3 mounted on the tie member 2. Consequently, if the windings 1 and 8 are connected to be energized in accordance with. the line voltage and current respectively and the ring is displaced as shown in Fig. 3, the resultant torque on the ring will bea directional torque EI cos p-6) combined Awith an I2 torque 'since some of the iiux due to the current threads the ring. The resultant torque, therefore, has an ohmic characteristic which particuiuy nts the device as an ohm unit for 'distance relays. By making 9:90", the torque becomes dependent on IK-EI sin qs which provides a reactance ohm unit characteristic. By having symmetry of construction about the axis of the member 2 and the axis of the polar projections l and 5 as to distribution oi' magnetic material, disposition of therwinding turns and air gap configuration, a uniform ohmic characteristic can be maintained over a wide range in values of E and I whereby to maintain at substantially yuniform circular polar characteristic` r Tf on the other hand, the windings 1lk and 8 l fea,

' are energized by line current and line voltage re' spectively, the torque on the ring will again have a. directional ohmic characteristic for it will comprise a directional torque and an E2 voltage torque, if the ring 6 is out of the neutral position as shown in Fig. 3, since some of the ux due to voltage threads the conductor ring. 'Ihis arrangement is, therefore, particularly adapted-for starting units of distance relays.

By connecting the windings 1 and 8 of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 to be energized respectively in ,accordance with two of the voltages of a three-phase circuit and having the ring 6 in the neutral position, the resultant torque is pro'- portional to E1E2 cos (fp- 0) which,I by suitable choice of 0, can be made to provide a torquepro.- portional to the area of the voltage triangle. 'Ihis arrangement is particularly adapted to poly-v phase voltage relay operation.

If the winding 8 on the polar projections 4 and 5 instead of being continuous, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, is divided into two parts 8 and 9 on the projections I and 5 respectively, as shown in Fig. 2, and one part is energized by line current and the other by line voltage, the winding 1 is energized by line voltage and the ring is in the neutral position, the resulting torque is proportional to EI cos (-0), -E2, which has a directional ohmic characteristic suitable for the starting units of distance relays. e l

If the windings 8 and 9 are energized by corresponding currentsof two parallel lines, for example, and the winding 1 by a voltage derived from thebus which supplies the lines and the inductor ring isin the neutral positionshown in Fig. 2, then thetorque is proportional toA where E is the. bus voltage, I1 and In the line currents, 4u and n phase ldisplacements between the voltage E and the currents I1 and Iz respectively and 0 an angle dependent on the power factor of the circuit of the windings 1.

Ii? the winding 8 of the arrangement shown in Fig. 4 is connected to be energized in accordance with the current in a phase conductor of the line, the winding 9 in accordance with the residual current of the line and the winding 1 in accordance with the voltage to ground of the corresponding phase conductor then the torque is proportional to For use either as an ohm unit or a startingl unit the I1 or E2 torque may be obtained by separating' the Winding 1 into two parts 1 and 10, as shown in Fig. 5. If the winding 1 is energized by line voltage and the windings 8 and I8 by line current, then the torque on the inductor ring is proportional to ILLEI cos (-0). 'Ihe device is then adapted for an ohm unit. If y the winding 1 is energized by line current and the windings 8 d I8 by line voltage, then the torque on the ring is proportional to iEI cos (-0) -E The device is,therefore, adapted for use as a starting unit.

`Ii! each of the windings 1 and 8 are separated as shown in Fig. 6 and the windings 1 and I8 are connected to be energized, for example, in accordance with two electric quantities X and W to provide cumulative fluxes while the windings 8 and 9 are energized by two electric quantities Y and Z to provide opposing iiuxes and the ring i is in the neutral position, the resultant torque on the ring is dependent on (X4-W) (Y-Z). In other words, the torque is dependent on,the product of the sum of two quantities and the difference between two quantities. So far as my invention is concerned. it is immaterial whether the quantities are currents or voltages and also whether the same quantities are used in connection with the sum as' are used in connection with the difference since the general formula for torque also .applies here. For example, as shown in Fig. 9, the windings 7 and 8 are interconnected and may be energized by a current of one of two parallel lines while the windings 9 and l0 are interconnected and may be energized by the corresponding current of the other line, the iiuxes of windings 1 and I8 being cumulative and the iiuxes of windings 8 and 9 opposed. Inasmuch as the resultant torque is dependent on the product of the sum of and the difference between the line currents, the relay is selective in operation in accordance with the balance between the line currents. In certain cases the enlargement 3 of the magnetic member 2 may take a rectangular form as shown in Fig.,9.

'Ihe embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 7 is a frequency relay. In this relay the inductor ring 5 moves from one position to another in response toa change in frequency oi' a current or voltage supplied to the winding 8. 'I'he winding 1 is connected in circuit with the condenser Il which is so proportioned relatively to the inductance of the winding 1 that the ring 6 will move in one direction or the other according 'as the frequency vis above or below the desired value.

In the embodiment of my invention shown in aooasos position. This is, in eiect, a coarse way to oontrol the desired P torque and further refinement can be obtained by suitably controlling the position of the ring. While the above description is given on the basis of line voltage and current in the windings 1 and 8 respectively for the sake of a concrete illustration, it is obvious that, so far as my invention is concerned, it is immaterial `Figs. 10-14 inclusive, the magnetic loop Ill may belconsidered as U-shaped and having the magnetic tie member 2 interconnecting its legs and also having only one polar projection 4 extending toward the enlargement 3.

Asshown in Fig. 10, the loop Ill is provided with a winding 8 on the polar projection 4 and the winding 10 on the legs of the loop. If the windings 8 and 18 are energized respectively by line current and voltage and the ring 8 is in the neutral position shown, then the relay is a directional relay with a torque proportional to EI cos (qb-) LIf two diilerent phase voltages Ei, En are y applied to the .windings 8 and 10 respectively,

then the relay constants can be controlled to give a torque proportional to the product of Ei, E: and the function of the phase angle between them, that is proportional to the area of the voltage triangle. If two currents are supplied to the windings 8 and 10, for example the current I: in the neutral to ground conection'of a lineand the line residual current I, as summed by the line current transformers,` then the torque on lthe ring is dependent on the product ol these currents by a.l function of the phase angle between them, for example InIr cos (a-ol By providing. windings 1 I, 12 on the legs of the loop, as shown in Fig. 11, I can obtain a differential relay for the balanced protection of parallel lines, differential protection of transformers, generators, etc., and the comparison oi' phase curtion of the"phase angle between them o r.

nsf() where n and is represent respectively the ux difference and the smaller ilux.

In the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 12, one winding 8 is located in part on the polarprojection 4 and in part on one-of the legs of the loop while the other winding 18 is located on the other leg.' Assuming now that the windings 8 and 10 are energized by line current and voltage respectively, then the torque.\on the ring 6 is dependent onA v U-E cos (0) Iz-v-EI cos (is-c), since the ilux through the ring is dependent on I-E cos (rb-0) and the ilux cutting the ring is dependent on I. 'I'his modification of my invention thus provides an arrangement for 'obtaining an operating force dependent on the square of one quantity and the product of this quantity and another quantity and a. function oi the phase angle between them.

In the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 13, the polar projection 4 carries two windings 8 and I8 while the winding 10 is on the legs of the loop lill. Assuming that the windings 8 and 80 are energized by two electric quantities, such as currents I1 and I2, either for cumulative or opposing fluxes and that the winding 10 is energized by a voltage E, then the torque on the ring 8 is dependent on E(I1 -I2) If the fluxes of the windings 8 and 80 are opposed, then the ring G will be deected in one direction or the other depending on which of the quantities I1, Iz is the greater. Thus the windings 8 and 80 may be energizedl in accordance with corresponding currents of two parallel lines and the winding 1U in accordance with the voltage of the bus to which the lines are connected to obtain selective directional action based on the current balance of the two lines. If one of the windings, for example 8, is energized by line current and the other two windings 88 and 10 by the line voltage, then the resultant torque is dependent on E(EiI) cos (gs-). This arrangement can be used as the starting unit or fault detector element of a distance relay.

In the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 14 the polar projection 4 carries the winding 8 while the winding 10 is on the legs of the loop lll and the ring 6 is displaced from the neutral position. Assuming that the windings 8 and 1B are energized by line current and voltage respectively, then the torque on the ring G is dependent on P-EI cos (qs-6) By choosing the constants of thevvoltage coil circuit so that 6 equals 90, the torque is P EI sin qs and a device suitable for a. reactance ohm unit for distance relays is provided. Assuming that the windings 8 and 10 are energized by line voltage and current respectively, then the torque on the ring 6 is dependent on EI cos (qi-0) -E By choosing the constants of the voltage coil circuit so that 0 equals 45 to 75, a

. device suitable as a fault detector or starting unit for distance relays is provided.

In the modiilcation of my invention Ashown in Fig. l5 the loop |02 is substantially U-shaped, one leg terminating in the enlargement 3 and the polar projection 4 extending from the end of the other leg toward the enlargement. winding 18, together with the ring 6 in its displaced position, provides a torque'tending to turn the ring to the neutral position which-in this case is' reached when the ring moves to the outer end I3 of the air gap. The torque is. dependent on `the square of the current or voltage applied to the winding since the iiux generated by the winding both threads and cuts the ring. The torque is approximately. proportional to I sin or E2 sin a. where is the angular displacement of the ring from .the neutral position. This arrangement thus provides a current or voltage relay.

Although inthe embodiments of my invention' heretofore described, I have omitted the showing. l

of any contact member in connection with the closed-circuit winding or inductor ring 6, it will The* energizing be obvious that any suitable contact controlling means can be actuated (in accordance with the movement of thering. One such means is shown infFig. 18. vAs illustrated, this means is of the over-center spring type which is particularly well adapted to dynamometer relays embodying my linvention because of their extremel sensitivity and vhigh speed ot operation. The construction comprises a `pivoted contact member I4 which is connected to-the inductor ring by a spring I5, the imaginary line between the spring supports being of! center' with respect to the pivotal axis of the 40 transformer 3 I contact I4 to bias the contact against stop I3, as shown in the drawings. On movement of the ring 6, the point of support of the spring thereon is moved in a direction to carry the spring across the pivotal axis of the contact I4 and thereby quickly snap the movable contact I4 into engagement with the cooperating contacts I1. It will be observed that with this arrangement a definite amount of movement of the ring is necessary before any contact movement takes place. Consequently, small oscillations or movements of the ring 6 in its attempt to follow the instantaneous values of the quantities energizing the relays are not effective to produce an erroneous contacting operation.

In Fig. 16 I have illustrated a distance relay embodying the modifications of my invention shown in Figs. and 8. For the purpose of illustration, this relay is shown connected to control the trip coil circuit of a circuit breaker I9 in a three-phase circuit having phase conductors 2i, 22 and 23. element device I9, an ohm unit 29 and a starting unit 24. The time unit I9, as illustrated, is of the spring-wound, quick-return, ratchet type with escapement control and has an energizing wind--V ing 25 for winding its spring. This winding is connected tobe energized from a control-bus 29 in a circuit including the contacts I4, I1 of the starting unit 24. The timing unit I9 has a circuit controlling member 21 which cooperates with two adjustably positioned contacts 29 and 30 to provide two independently adjustable time delays.

The starting unit 24 is similar to the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 5. The polar projection winding 9 andthe winding 1 are connected in series to be energized in accordance with the voltage between the phase conductors 2| and 22 through suitable means such as a potential The winding I9 is connected to be energized in accordance with the current of the phase conductor 2I.' The torque on the ring 3 is accordingly dependent on generally' involve higher voltages and power factors. In order to avoid the undesired relay operation on surges, I provide means for distinguishing between voltage and current fluctuations accompanying surges and faults. As shownv in Fig. 16, this means is applied to the starting unit 24 and includes a condenser 32 connected in series with the voltage winding 9 and across this condenser are connected the voltage windingy 1 and a voltage responsive means 33 having a characteristic such as to pass a current which increases disproportionately with increasing voltage.

The voltage responsive means may be of any suitable type, for example the material disclosed in United States Letters Patent 1,822,742, av

saturating reactor or a gaseous discharge tube which breaks down at a certain voltage, examples of which are 'well known to the art. The condenser 32 is proportioned with respect to the' in- 'ductance 'of the winding 1 to form a substantially 'resonant circuit at the frequency of the system voltage when the voltage is above a pre- As shown, the relay includes a time determined value and to form a substantially resonant circuit with the winding 8 when `the voltage applied to the windings 1.and 8 is below a predetermined value, by reason of the current conducting change in the voltage responsive means 33. Obviously, at voltages near normal the current in winding 1 will be large and the current in winding 9 small. Consequently, the E2 restraining torque and hence the current pickup of the relay will be relatively high and the current in the coil 3 and hence the torque on the ring 6 suitably limited. However, at low voltages the current in the winding 1 will be reduced to a negligible value thereby correspondingly reducing the current necessary to operate the relay. YThe current in the winding 9 is amplified, thereby causing the sensitivity of the relay to be materially increased. Consequently, not only is the starting unit extremely sensitive to fault conditions but also-it is made much less liable to operate under surge conditions. This feature is rendered still more effective by reason of the fact thaty the current in the winding 8 is more lagging at voltages near normal so that the sensitivity of the starting unit is less at high power factor whereas atlow voltages the current in winding 8 is less lagging, which insures operation of the starting unit on faults close to the station having a high power factor due to the presence of the arc. A secondvoltage responsive means 34, which may be similar to the voltage responsive means 33,r may becorinected across the winding 3 in order to accentuate the operating features just described.

The ohm unit 29 is substantially like the modiiication of my invention shown in Fig. 8 in that it has the additional or auxiliary winding feature for introducing the desired P torque. The current winding and its series relatedwinding I2 are' connected to be energized in accordance with thev `current in phase conductor 2I while'the current winding 9 and its seriesrelated winding I2 are connected to be energized in accordance with rthe current in the phase conductor 22 for the purpose of giving the same ohmic indication on faults involving two or three phases. A condenser 35fand a reactor 38 connected as shown are suitably proportioned to provide the desired power factor for the circuit of the voltage winding 1.

On the occurrence of a fault to which the starting unit responds and closes its contacts I4, I1, the circuit of the time unit winding 25 is completed and at the same time the upper one of the contacts I1 of the ohm unit 29 is connected to the negative side of the bus 26. If the fault is within the distance for which the ohm unit is set to respond as determined by the setting of the first or. low set tap of the resistor 31, it will close its contacts and thereby complete the circuit of the annunciator 39 and the circuit of the sealing-in relay 39 which operates to complete the trip coil circuit of the circuit breaker I9. If the fault is more distant, the ohm' unit 20 does not operate but when the time unit contact 21 engages the contact 29, an auxiliary relay 49 is energized and then its contacts 4I change the resistance tap setting of the series resistance 31 of the ohm unit to a higher value. If the fault is now within the new setting of the ohm unit,

the contacts I4, I1 of the ohm unit will close to F effect tripping, as before.` In this case, however, the relay 49, through the opening of its contacts 42, removes a short circuit from the annunciator 43 and, through the closing otits contacts 44 short-circuits the annunciator 39. If the fault resistance 31.

is still more distant but within the range of the starting unit 24, the ohm unit 20 will not operate but tripping will be eiectedwhen the contact 21 of the timing unit engages its contact 30. At the same time, an annunciator 45 is energized while the other two annunciators 39 and 43 remain deenergized. It will be observed that the annun g clators thus provide a means for selectively indicating the different time control operations of the relay and for approximately indicating the location of the fault thereby saving considerable line patrolling. y

The embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 19 is substantially the same as the arrangement shown in Fig. 16 except that instead of employl ing a single ohm unit 20 whose ohmic setting is automatically changed by the operation of the. time unit I9 through its control of the auxiliary relay 40, I use two separate ohm units 2li and 20', each having its own iixed ohmic setting at the The ohm units have also been illustrated without the additional control windings I2.' fAs illustrated, the ohm units 20 `and 20' have low and high settings respectively. Also, by reason ofthe omission of the auxiliary relay 40, the annunciators 39 and 43 are connected directly vin series with the Acontacts I4, I1 of their respective ohm units 20 and 20'. yThe operation of this embodiment of my invention will be obvious from the description of the arrangement shown in'Fig. 16.

Also in Fig. 19 I have shown another voltage responsive means for providing a maximum torque under diierent phase relations between the circuit voltage and current depending on the magnitude of the circuit voltage. As illustrated, the voltage responsive means 33' is connected across the voltage winding 1 and may be a' current limiting device whose resistance increases with increasing voltage, such for example as an iron-hydrogen resistor, examples of which are well known -to the art. A condenser 32 may be connected in circuit with the voltage winding 8 and proportioned for substantial resonance therewith at line frequency. At normal voltage substantially all the current passes through winding 1 and thus provides a high E2 torque while the voltagel across the winding 8 is relatively small and the operating torque on the ring 6 is suitably limited. At low voltages, however, just the reverse occurs and a greater proportion of the total voltage is available across the winding 8 than before., The eiect of this voltage may be somewhat ampliiied by the condenser 32 which also tends to improve the power factor of the circuit o1 the voltage winding 8 from the standpoint of burden and maximum torque angle. Consel quently, the characteristics of the potential cir- .cuits in this figure arel substantially like those of the arrangement shown in Fig. 16.

'I'he arrangements shown in Figs. 16 and 19 are particularly adapted for protection against short circuits between phases. vThe embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 20 provides similar protection against faults between a conductor and ground. In this figure only the A. C; circuits are ohm units are connected to be energized in' accordance with the residual current as shown. With the correct adjustment of the tapped autotransformer 46, the torqueiof the ohm units is then dependent on the positive phase sequence reactance of the line between the relay and the fault and hence the distance betweenfthe relay and the "fault, i

While I have shown in Figs. 16, 19 and 20 a relay for only one phase, the connections of' the relays in the other phases will be obvious by analogy and,.generally speaking, a yrelay for each phase is preferable. In Fig. 20 in order to complete the connections of the current transformers I have indicated the relays in the other phases by the rectangles 41, 48. While in Figs. 16, 19 and 20 I have illustrated the inductor ring 6 as of circular form, it will be understood that this is a schematic showing and the relay is not limited to this form.

Although I have shown and described my in2- vention in considerable detail, I do not desire to` be limited to the exact arrangements shown but seek to cover by the appended claims all those modilications as fall within the true spirit`and scope of my invention.

What I rclaim as new and desire to secure by winding being normally in a circuit controlling position displaced from its neutral position so as Yto be threaded by substantially all of one of said fluxes and atleast a part of another of said fluxes whereby to provide two cooperating torques respectively dependent on the product of the electric quantities energizing said windings and the square of the quantity energizing one of the windings and to move the closed-circuit winding toward its neutral position when one of saidiiuxes changes relatively to theother.

2. An electroresponsive device including a magnetic member locally enlarged, a 'polar projection extending from said member toward said enlargement, a movable circuitcontrolling member including a closed-circuit winding around said enlargement movable in the gap between the pole face and the enlargement, winding means arranged, when energized, to produce fluxes respectively through and transversely, to the closed-circuit winding when the closed-circuit winding is lin the neutral position, said closed-circuit winding eing normally in a circuit controlling positio displaced from its neutral position so as to be threaded by substantially all of one of said fluxes and at least a part of another of said iluxes whereby to provide a 'torque on said closed-circuit winding proportional to a predetermined relation between the vquantities energizing said winding means and to move the closed-circuit winding toward its neutral position when at least one of said fluxes changes. y

3. An alternating current electroresponsive device including a magnetic loop, a magnetic member extending across said loop, a movable closedcircuit winding around said member and a. plurality of windings on the magnetic structure comprising said loop and said member arranged when energized to produce a iiux dependent on the sum of the quantities energizing the windings and a cooperating flux dependent upon the difference between the quantities energizing the windings whereby to exert a torque on said closed-circuit winding dependent on the product of the sum of and the difference between the electric quantities energizing the windings.

4. An alternating current electroresponsive device including a magnetic loop, a magnetic member extending across said loop, polar projections extending from said loop toward said member, a closed-circuit winding around saidmember movable in the gaps vbetween said member and said `projections and a plurality of windings on the sides of said loop and provided with a local enlargement, polar projections extending from the other sides of said loop toward said enlargement, a closed-circuit winding movable in the gaps between said enlargement and said projections,

windings on said polar projections and on said interconnecting member on each side of said enlargement, two of said windings being arranged, when energized, to produceopposing fluxes and the other two to produce additive fluxes whereby to exert a torque on said closed-circuit winding dependent on the product of the sum of the electric quantities energizing two of the windings and the diierence between the electric quantities energizingy the other two windings.

6. An electroresponsi've device including a magnetic member 'locally enlarged, a polar projection extending from said member toward said enlargement, a closed-circuit winding around said enlargement movable in the gap between the pole face and the enlargement, windings on said member and said polar projection for producing a torque on said closed-circuit winding dependent on the product of the electric quantities energizing the windings and another Winding for changing the torque in accordance with the square of one of the electric quantities.

'7. An alternating current electroresponsive device including a magnetic loop, a magnetic member extending across said loop, poles"` projecting from said loop toward said member, a closedcircuitwinding around said member movable in the gaps between the polar projections-and the member, a winding on said member and a winding on said polar projections having some of its turns on said member.

8. An electroresponsive device including a magnetic member locally enlarged in the form of a 'solid of revolution, a polar projection extending from said member toward said enlargement and having a pole face coniiguration corresponding thereto, a closed-circuit winding around said enlargement movable in the gap between the pole face and the enlargement, a winding on said core and a winding on said polar projection a portion of said polar projection winding being wound on said core. A

9. Analternating current electrore'sponsive device including a rectangular magnetic loop, a magnetic member interconnecting two opposite sides of said loop and provided with a local cylindrical enlargement, polar projections extending from the other side 'of said loop toward said enlargement and having pole face congurations correspondingthereto, a closed circuit winding around said enlargement movable in the gaps between the pole faces and the enlargement, a winding on said interconnecting member, and a winding on said polar projections having some of its turns on said interconnecting member. i

10. A relay including a magnetic member locally enlarged, a polar projection extending from said member toward said enlargement, circuit vcontrolling means including a closed-circuit winding around said enlargement movable in the gap between the polar projection and the enlargement and winding means on said member arranged when energized to produce iluxes respectively through and` transversely to said closedcircuit winding when the winding is in one circuit controlling position and upon a relative variation in the quantities energizing said winding means to veilect movement of said closed-circuit winding to another circuit controlling position wherein the closed circuit winding is threaded by all oi' oneof said fluxes and a part of another of said uxes.

11. A relay including a magnetic member locally enlarged, a polar projection extending from said member ytoward said enlargement, circuit controlling means including a closed-circuit winding around said enlargement movable in the gap between the polar projection and the enlargement and a plurality of windings on said member arranged when energized to produce a torque on the closed-circuit winding dependent on K W Y+K, X- W z+ n Ka( Y- Z)+K4(X WY. where X, W, Y, and Z represent vectoriaily the electric quantities energizing the respective windings and K1, Kn, Ka and K4 are constants.-

12. A relay including a magnetic member having a pole intermediate its length and a magnetic portion extending transversely oi' said pole, circuit controlling means including a closed circuit winding around said transverse portion movable in the gap between said pole and said transverse portion and a plurality of windings on said magnetic member arranged when energized to produce a torque on the closed circuitwinding d eelectric quantities energizing thel respective windings and K1. Ka, Ks andv K4 are constants.

- ALBERTR. wm c. waaanwo'roN.

; x Certificate of Correctionl v Patent; No. 2,000,803. L May A7, 1935, ALBERT R. VAN C. WARRINGTON i It is hereby certified -that errors appear in the printed specification of the above A numbered patent requiring correction as follows: vPage 2, first column, 1ine65, strike out the formula and insert instead E[I1 cos(1-0)-I2 c0S(2-0)]; second column, line -14, for Il read I2; and line 34, (Y-Z) read (Y-Z);'page 3, irst'column, line 53, for D and S read D and Q58; line 55, for D and S{ read D and S; and' line 65, strike out the formula and insert instead I [I -E cos(-0)]=I2EI cos ((p-);

and page 6, second column, line 6, claim' 8, after projection insert a comma;v

and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that 1 the 'same-may conform to the record of the case in 4the Patent Ofcen I Signed and sealed this 18th day of June, A. D. 1935.V

i t `l[SEAL] i l A 1 Y LESLIE F RAZER,

Acting Commissioner 0f Patents. K'

Certificate of Correctiony PafenuNo. 2,000,803. i 'y L Y Mayy, .1935, ALBERT R. VAN o. WARRINGTON l It is hereby cert' ed that errors appear in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows Page 2, first column, line65, strike out the -formula and insert instead E'[I1 cos(10)'-I2 cos(20)]; second column, line 14, for Il read I2; and 1ine34, (Y-Z) read (Y-'Z-)ypage 3, rst column, line 53, for bD and S read D and 95s; line 55,V for D and S read D and das; andv line 65, strike out the formula and insert instead -I[I-E cos( ia-0)]= 2-EI cos( -0);

'. the `-same'may conform to the recordv of the case in th vand page 6, second'column, line 6, claim 8, after projection insert a comma;

an'd that ythe said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that` v e` Patent Office. v Signed and sealed this 18th day of June, A.`D. 1,935.V 'Y i .[[sEAL] i X n -l LESLLE FRAZER,

Adm .oommmimr qf'Paunfs.' 

